The Central Government of India has constituted a high-level committee to study the country’s changing demography, illegal immigration, and other unnatural factors influencing population growth. Headed by Justice Prakash Prabhakar Naolekar, the committee has been given a one-year timeframe to conduct its study and submit a comprehensive report.

The terms of reference for the committee focus on critical issues such as illegal migration, infiltration, and unnatural demographic shifts. These factors are being analyzed due to their potential impact on national security, sovereignty, law and order, and democratic representation across various states.

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The initiative comes amid ongoing debates regarding the need for a nationwide population control law, such as a two-child policy. Observers highlight how demographic imbalances can unfairly affect political representation, where regions that successfully manage population growth risk losing legislative seats during delimitation, while areas with high population growth receive representation benefits.